Solar photovoltaic modules (also known as solar panels) are the core and important components of solar power generation systems. Single solar cells cannot be directly used as power sources. As a power source, several individual batteries must be connected in series or parallel and tightly packaged into components. Its function is to convert solar energy into electrical energy, store it in a battery, or drive the load to work. For positive and negative charges, due to the separation of positive and negative charges in the PN junction region, an external current field can be generated, and the current flows from the bottom of the crystalline silicon wafer cell through the load to the top of the cell. This is the 'photovoltaic effect'. When a load is connected between the upper and lower surfaces of a solar cell, current flows through the load, causing the solar cell to generate current; The more photons a solar cell absorbs, the greater the current it generates. The energy of a photon is determined by its wavelength. Photons with energy lower than the base energy cannot produce free electrons. A photon with energy higher than the base energy will only produce one free electron. The excess energy will cause the battery to heat up, and the impact of energy loss will lead to a decrease in the efficiency of solar cells